Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the...

IBUS 3312 - International Management Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic Analysis While this case is literally full of negative aspects, we will only focus on the main points for both arguments. Pharmaceutical companies want to be sure that the products they spend years and millions of dollars to create are not easily reproduced and sold at discount prices. The profits pharmaceuticals make of their patented products are supposed to refinance new research. So taking away their exclusive distribution rights and allowing other manufacturers to just copy the product and sell it at minimal costs also harms the innovative processes in which new and better drugs are developed [1]. Those†¦show more content†¦If you look at how everything has developed since AIDS was first regarded as s major threat to public health in the beginning of the 1980’s it could be said that a lot of progress has been made. Not in a way where infected individuals around the world get the treatment they need or the developing countries get completely the support necessary, but toda y the world is closer to that goal than years before. This is important to outline because people tend to forget the progress been made, as they are only searching for a certain ending or result. The final solution to the dilemma between distribution of drugs to all people in need and the costly and continuous research required to find a cure, is not in reach [3]. What would Help? An important point is that every time the pharmaceuticals yield a little bit to the grounds of intellectual property, big problems start arising everywhere. This could make us wonder if the pharmaceuticals would have yielded completely to what the developing countries were asking, would have people suffering from this terrible virus really gotten the help they needed? It is difficult to answer this question and as seen on the case the solution isn’t as easy as it looks. It wasn’t just a matter of letting generic drugs be produced and sold, there also had to be some regulations to this process to make sure that it was really helping people in developing countries.Show MoreRelatedPharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global Aids Epidemic932 Words   |  4 Pagesone was,Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? While this case is literally full of negative aspects, we will only focus on the main points for both arguments. Pharmaceutical companies want to be sure that the products they spend years and millions of dollars to create are not easily reproduced and sold at discount prices. The profits pharmaceuticals make ofRead MorePharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property935 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study #1 â€Å"Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic† Questions for Review: 1. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving drugs for free versus offering them at low no-profit prices? -I don’t necessarily think that they have the â€Å"responsibility† to do so but I thinkRead MorePharmaceutical Companies2392 Words   |  10 Pagesa lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies, intellectual property, and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate change orRead MoreGlaxosmithkline and Aids Drugs for Africa1195 Words   |  5 PagesGlaxoSmithKline and AIDS Drugs for Africa What comes to mind when you hear the words â€Å"pharmaceutical company†? There are many ways to define a pharmaceutical company. According to the Princeton review, a pharmaceutical company is a drug company that makes and sells pharmaceuticals. Another definition for a pharmaceutical company is an industry that develops, produces, and markets drugs licensed for use as generic and/or brand medications. These companies are subject to a variety of laws andRead MoreThe Doha Rounds Trade Negotiations 976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Doha round’s trade negotiations over intellectual property have been long and arduous. After more than a decade there is still no agreement over the extent of patent protection that should be afforded to pharmaceuticals. The shadow of the future adds additional complications, as the involved parties have no reason to settle now, when they can wait and hope for more favorable terms in the future. Despite this looming threat, the future holds promise for a drug access settlement. As technologyRead MoreEthical Justification For Providing Life Saving Medicines2109 Words   |  9 Pagesdilemmas that pharmaceutical companies face. Many countries urge pharmaceutical companies to set priorities for the common good of the people, instead of just the citizens who can gain access or afford expensive treatments. The companies also have a duty to the shareholders of the company, especially in recouping the money that has been spent on the research. If a company does patent its HIV/AIDS drug then they protect it from being common knowledge and avoid losing an edge over other companies, not toRead MoreThe Glbal Phamaceutical Industry1609 Words   |  7 Pages20101233 : 19852274 Assignment Title : The Global Pharmaceutical Industry. Date : 10 March 2012 Programme : BTECH-MANAGEMENT IV Question 1 Identify the main environmental forces currently affecting the global pharmaceutical industry? PESTEL analysis of the global pharmaceutical industry: Political * Governments set stringent regulation and is a powerful purchaser. * Governments around the world focus on pharmaceuticals as a politically easy target in their effortsRead MoreAnglo American Plc And South Afric What Do When Costs Reach Epidemic Proportions?1831 Words   |  8 PagesCLOSING CASE: Anglo American PLC in South Africa: What Do You Do When Costs Reach Epidemic Proportions? Anglo American PLC is the fourth largest mining conglomerate in the world. It currently operates in 45 countries. The original company, Anglo American Corp. of South Africa, was founded in 1917. The company is now headquartered in London. It is also the largest producer of gold in the world as well as it owns 85% of DeBeers, the world’s largest diamond producer. Anglo American’s South AfricanRead MoreTrips Have Been Adopted with a View to Encourage Fair Competiotion at International Level4173 Words   |  17 PagesOF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ECON 1102 REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS OF THE WORD ECONOMY Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (Trips) Have Been Adopted With A View To Encourage Fair Competition At The International Level, But Trips Rules Tilt The Balance In Favour Of Imperfect Competition With Each Country And Exacerbates International Inequalities. (Discussion With Reference To Pharmaceutical Industry) Name of Lecturer : Rajendran K S Name of Student : Nilesh Singh DateRead MoreTrips Have Been Adopted with a View to Encourage Fair Competiotion at International Level4181 Words   |  17 PagesMASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ECON 1102 REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS OF THE WORD ECONOMY Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (Trips) Have Been Adopted With A View To Encourage Fair Competition At The International Level, But Trips Rules Tilt The Balance In Favour Of Imperfect Competition With Each Country And Exacerbates International Inequalities. (Discussion With Reference To Pharmaceutical Industry) Name of Lecturer : Rajendran K S Name of Student : Nilesh Singh Date

Black Like Me Character Analysis - 2454 Words

Black Like Me Character Analysis Matthew Wighton March 20, 2015 Dr. Karafantis ICBS-302 W01 Black Like Me is about a white male, John Howard Griffin, who was disheartened by how blacks were being treated. In an effort to bridge the gap between blacks and whites Mr. Griffin conducted research on blacks. Because Mr. Griffin is a white man the black community would not speak to him truthfully. Blacks were afraid that whites would harm them if they said anything offensive. Mr. Griffin knew the dilemma so he came up with the idea to become a black man in order to receive the truthful response he desired. Mr. Griffin knew that if he became a black man he would lose all his â€Å"white rights.† However Mr. Griffin still continued with his idea. So, Mr. Griffin had a multistage process done on his body so that the pigment of his skin would appear darker. After many treatments of ultraviolet light and tablet pills, Mr. Griffin had become a black man. After Mr. Griffin’s transformation was complete, he immersed himself into the black community. Mr. Griffin was not prepared for what would happen to him once in the black life. While Mr. Griffin traveled to different places in the south he met numerous people, both black and white. Some people were friendly while others were quite hostile. By looking at some of the characters in Black Like Me it may be possible to analyses how his or her mind thinks, based on social psychological theories. Four characters that will be focusedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Developing My Critical Thinking Skills997 Words   |  4 Pagesextra-credit assignment that required an analysis on Do The Right Thing. This e-mail is to express my deep gratitude for giving me any credit at all. I recently revisited the movie-- and my analysis -- and it was actually appalling at how poorly developed my analysis was. Instead of analyzing why Spike Lee would portray his characters in a specific way, I decided to analyze why I didnt like them, neglecting to realize that by turning specific characters into stereotypes, he may have been tryingRead MoreFilm Analysis Of Dear White People1341 Words   |  6 Pagesin modern film we have somewhat shifted away from the former stereotypical black characters, the genuine black life is still concealed due to mainly white producers and directors. Film has come a long way from the generic social constructs including coons, mammies, and bucks, yet it has not reached its full potential as far as presenting the average African American’s life. The Caucasian producers decide the nature of black life without experiencing first hand. Essentially, to get a truly authenticRead MoreEssay on Country Lovers1003 Words   |  5 Pagesshort stor y by Nadie Gordimer, Country Lovers, I will identify the theme and the literary elements that helped me with my analysis. I would consider the story Country Lovers to be the story of racial barriers that created a forbidden love story. There are many literary elements that aid my analysis, and support my interpretation of the stories theme. I will discuss how symbolism, characters, and settings supported the forbidden love story theme. The story Country Lovers is a depiction of racialRead MoreThe Help Research Paper1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe Help Civil Rights literature has been in hiding from the millions of readers in the world. Kathryn Stockett’s book, The Help, widely opens the doors to the worldwide readers to the experiences of those separated by the thin line drawn between blacks and whites in the 1960s. Kathryn makes her experiences of the character’s, making their stories as compelling as her own. The Help by Kathryn Stockett, is a book set in the early 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi, told by three different women: AbileneRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Aaron the Moor in Shakespeare ´s Titus Andronicus1025 Words   |  4 Pagesquick to rule Aaron as a purely evil character, the most evil of all the other characters. However, a deeper analysis of Aaron shows that despite his villainy, he still has a human side which he shows towards his son, and that his dark skin has made him a victim of racism, which might have influenced his character, and developed his evil nature that he enjoys. Aarons status is more complicated than just purely evil, and on the whole, he can be a sympathetic character. In the play Titus AndronicusRead MoreA Psychoanalytical Reading of Everyday Use by Alice Walker1201 Words   |  5 PagesMohammed A psychoanalytical reading of Everyday Use by Alice Walker In everyday use the story is about a black family consists of two daughters and a mother. 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Wireless Networks Free Essays

Chapter 3 Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss 1. (a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the 2-ray ground reflection model in the analysis of path loss. (b) What insight does the 2-ray model provide about large-scale path loss that was disregarded when cellular systems used very large cells? 2 . We will write a custom essay sample on Wireless Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a 2-ray ground reflected model, assume that must be kept below 6. 261 radians for phase cancellation reasons. Assuming a receiver height of 2 m, and given a requirement that be less than 50 , what are the minimum allowable values for the T-R separation distance and the height of the transmitter antenna? The carrier frequency is 900 MHz. 3. In the 2-ray path loss model with ? derive an appropriate expression far the location of the signal nulls at the receiver. 4 . Compare the received power for the exact expressions for the 2-ray ground reflection model. Assume the height of the transmitter is 40 m and the height of the receiver is 3m. The frequency is 1800 MHz, and unity gain antennas are used. Plot the received. 5. Referring to Figure P3. 3, compute d = d1, the first Fresnel zone distance between transmitter and receiver for a 2-ray ground reflected propagation path, in terms of and X. This is the distance at which path loss begins to transition from d to d behavior. Assume 6 . If the received power at a reference distance d0 = I km is equal to 1 microwatt, find the received powers at distances of 2 km, 5 kin, 10 km, and 20 km from the same transmitter for the following path loss models: (a) Free space; (b) n = 3; (c) n = 4; (d) 2-ray ground reflection using the exact expression; (e) extended Hata model. Assume f=1800 MHz, ht = 40m, hr = 3m, Gt=Gr=0dB. Plot each of these models on the same graph over the range of 1 km to 20km. 7 . Assume the received power at a reference distance d0 = 1 km is equal to 1 microwatt, and f=1800 MHz, ht = 40m, hr = 3m, Gt=Gr=0dB. Compute, compare, and plot the exact 2-ray ground reflection model with the approximate expression. At what T-R separations do the models agree and disagree? What are the ramifications of using the approximate expression instead of the exact expression in cellular system design? 8 . A transmitter provides 15W to an antenna having 12 dB gain. The receiver antenna has a gain of 3 dB and the receiver bandwidth is 30 kHz. If the receiver system noise figure is 8 dB and the carrier frequency is 1800 MHz, find the maximum T-R separation that will ensure that a SNR of 20 dB is provided for 95% of the time. Assume n = 4, dB, and d0 = 1 km. 9. Assume a SNR of 25 dB is desired at the receiver. If a 900 MHz cellular transmitter has an EIRP of 100 W, and the AMPS receiver uses a 0 dB gain antenna and has a 10 dB noise figure, find the percentage of time that the desired SNR is achieved at a distance of 10 km from the transmitter. Assume n=4, dB, and d0 = 1 km. How to cite Wireless Networks, Papers